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The Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Palestine War 1948, by Efraim Karsh
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The Palestine War has been by far the most important military encounter in the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict. This book examines the origins of the war and its progression through two distinct stages: the guerrilla warfare between the Arab and Jewish communities of Mandatory Palestine, and the conventional inter-state war between the State of Israel and the invading Arab armies. In doing so it assesses the participants, their war aims, strategies and combat performance. Finally, it examines the reasons for Israel's success in the face of seemingly impossible odds and for the failure of the Arab nations to turn their military and numerical superiority into victory on the ground.
- Sales Rank: #1381680 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Osprey Publishing
- Published on: 2002-09
- Released on: 2002-08-19
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.70" h x .21" w x 6.68" l, .62 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 96 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"I am most favorably impressed by the Essential Histories series on the American Civil War. Written by four of the best historians of the military course of the war, these volumes provide a lucid and concise narrative of the campaigns in both the Eastern and Western theaters as well as penetrating analyses of strategies and leadership. Ideal for classroom use or fireside reading."
From the Publisher
This unique series studies every major war in history looking at all the aspects of war, from how it felt to be a soldier to the lasting impact of the conflict on the world around it.
About the Author
Efraim Karsh is Professor and Head of the Mediterranean Studies Programme at King's College, University of London. He has held various academic posts at the Sorbonne, the London School of Economics, Columbia University, Helsinki University and Tel-Aviv University. Professor Karsh has published extensively on Middle Eastern affairs, Soviet foreign policy and European neutrality.
Most helpful customer reviews
43 of 54 people found the following review helpful.
Concise History of the 1948 War for Israeli Independence
By Maximillian Ben Hanan
Osprey, a well-known publisher of militaria: campaign histories, troop studies, equipment analysis, etc., has brought this fine history of the 1948 War for Israeli Independence. The book uses another title for the conflict: The Palestine War of 1948, which is preferred in some British academic circles. Efraim Karsh is an Israeli academic working in the United Kingdom. He has extensively written covering different aspects of Israel and the Arab-Israeli conflict.
The book is a concise (92 page) study of the conflict covering the rising paramilitary action before the British withdrawal until the eventual ceasefires declared between Israel and the Arab invaders. There is some analysis also of the Palestinian-Arab refugee issue as well as early Arab and Jewish state building. The real jewels of the book, of course, are its' many beautiful photographs, gorgeous illustrations, and helpful maps and graphs. A very useful timeline or chronology is also included. Karsh does include a bibliography, but doesn't use footnotes to reference his writing. His bibliography includes a wide variety of authors including Arabs, Israelis, anti-Zionists, and Zionists: Musa Alami, Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Chaim Herzog, Efraim Karsh, Issa Khalaf, Rashid Khalidi, Walid Khalidi, Jon and David Kimche, Dan Kurzman, Walter Laqueur, and Natanel Lorch.
Another of the book's attractive aspects is that the book includes some oft forgotten details of the war. Some of these details include the fact that the people we now call Palestinians identified themselves as parts of a greater Arab nation rather than an individual people seeking individual sovereignty. Neither does Karsh forgot to include that the Jews have had a continuous presence in Israel for thousands of years. Many writers gloss over this fact and call the Israelis colonists, settlers, or foreign peoples. They are not. Israel is their home and has been for thousands of years. Karsh also writes about the early connections between the Nazis and the Arabs in Israel / Palestine.
I highly recommend this book as an excellent introductory volume to the 1948 War for Israeli Independence.
Review by: Maximillian Ben Hanan
42 of 53 people found the following review helpful.
Bias in favor of the truth is no fault
By Ariel Kronman
Karsh is perhaps the single best historian on the events surrounding Israel's independence in 1948 and any work of his is highly recommended. As far as the comments of the reader below go, Karsh wrote an entire book, "Fabricating Israeli History: The 'New Historians'" that documents not only the inaccuracies but the emendations, misquotations, mistranslations and outright lies of the likes of Avi Shlaim. The latest salvo in this contest between true historians like Karsh and politically motivated absurdists like Shlaim can be viewed in a letter exchange between Karsh and Benny Morris in the March 2004 issue of Commentary Magazine available on-line in the Commentary Magazine website archive (though you may have to pay for access). Anyone considering the merits of Karsh's work would do well to start there. The point worth bearing in mind is that evenhandedness is fine as far it goes, but only so long as it does not result in giving equal time to facts and to distortions. Should, say, a scholar of the Holocaust who took the time out to write an entire book debunking Holocaust deniers give space to their distortions in a general introduction to the Holocaust? And while for complex psychological reasons painting liberal democratic and humane Western nations as demonic while refashioning rebarbative people and governments as noble victims gives comfort to many on the Left, it makes for no more valid history than the tendentious rantings of certain professors of English and Comparative Literature or Linguisitics about matters outside their fields of expertise. If you want to read lies too, fiction is often enjoyable. But don't miss Karsh if you'd actually like the facts. Oh, and as to the shock expressed by the reviewer below about the lack of footnotes: This book is a general introduction, a volume in a series of slender books on important wars put out by an English publishing house. There are no footnotes to any books in the series. The decision not to have footnotes, one would imagine, is likely that of the editors of the series, not the individual authors.
19 of 27 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent Summary of The First Arab-Israeli War
By R. A Forczyk
It is probably impossible at this point in history to write a completely objective history of the creation of the state of Israel in 1948 and the first Arab-Israeli War that it sparked. Most people tend to view either the Israelis or the Palestinians as the victims of aggression, and the other party as responsible for everything that followed from the UN vote on partition in 1947. Efraim Karsh has written an excellent summary of the 1948 War from the Israeli point of view. Pro-Arab readers will not find this account objective, but then there is certainly a paucity of Arab sources which can approach the subject of "the Zionist Entity" (i.e. Israel) with anything like the relative even-handedness that Karsh is able to muster. As far as objectivity goes, Karsh is probably more unfair to the British and the Americans than he is to the Palestinians. Military readers will find this volume useful, but they will notice that the detail on military operations is somewhat superficial. Nevertheless, The Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Palestine War 1948 is an excellent addition to Osprey's Essential Histories series.
Karsh begins the volume with a well-written that outlines the background to the conflict, stretching from the Britain's 1917 Balfour Declaration that supported the idea of a Jewish state in Palestine, to the 1937 Peel Commission which called for the creation of separate Jewish and Arab states in Palestine to the 1947 UN Partition Plan. Karsh paints the Palestinian Arabs as adamantly opposed to any kind of compromise from the 1920s on, but he fails to note that the Zionists were offered the option of creating a Jewish homeland in less controversial parts of the British Empire and refused it out of hand. The section on the opposing sides is particularly good, but I wish that Osprey would change the format to require a simple table that summarizes the population and troop strength of each side. Karsh is particularly interesting in noting that Arab military operations in Palestine were dominated by Iraqi and Syrian generals and that the Israelis were not as badly out-numbered as often thought. The volume includes ten maps: the Middle East 1948; the UN partition Plan; the Battle for Haifa; the Arab invasion of Israel; the situation after the first truce; Operation "Danny," Operation "Horev," the first Israeli attack on Latrun; Operation "Uvda," the 1949 armistice line. No maps depicting fighting around Jerusalem - an odd omission since much of the fighting took place on the approaches to the city. The bibliography is a bit short for such a controversial subject - only eleven references - and it omits Dupuy's Elusive Victory, which is one of the better military accounts available.
Karsh's narrative of the war itself begins with the Arabs' categorical rejection of any partition and the outbreak of war immediately upon the announcement of the UN partition plan in November 1947. Karsh writes that the Arab states around Palestine - Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan and Syria - had their own diverse objectives and each wanted to incorporate Palestinian territory into their own countries. It seems that Karsh is suggesting that Palestine was going to get carved up anyway, so the Israelis might as well get their fair share - a bit of a self-justifying rationalization. Karsh also tends to suggest that the Palestinian people did not fight for their own land - that they let other Arabs fight for them and then ran away when things got bad - but this ignores the thousands of Palestinian guerrillas that did harass Israeli lines of communication. Lacking a state and an army, the Palestinians were poorly positioned to conduct large-scale military operations, but Karsh's aspersions on their willingness to fight also lean toward rationalizing the seizure of Palestinian lands. As Karsh sees it, the Israelis had their backs against the wall early in the war as they struggled to sustain supply lines to isolated towns, but when they shifted to an offensive strategy in April 1948 they gained the initiative that led to victory. Karsh sees the Palestinian leadership's decision to evacuate major cities like Haifa as a foolish move that snowballed into more than 500,000 refugees by the end of the war.
While Karsh tends to justify Israel's harsh treatment of the Palestinians by claiming that they didn't fight much and they were going to lose their land anyway, his treatment of the British and the Americans is even more blatantly biased. Karsh avoids mentioning the role of foreigners in shaping Israel's defense force, such as British Colonel Orde Wingate and American Colonel David "Mickey" Marcus. Wingate formed and trained the first Jewish armed units to resist Arab attacks in 1936 these troops would become the Palmach, as well as becoming an ardent Zionist. Marcus arrived in Israeli in May 1948 and was given command of Israeli forces in Jerusalem until he was killed two weeks later; the "Burma Road" mentioned by Karsh was Marcus' idea. While Karsh omits mentioning either Wingate or Marcus, he does frequently mention British indifference to Arab attacks on Israelis, which readers may find mean-spirited. Perhaps if Karsh had mentioned the fact that Jewish terrorists blew up the British headquarters in the King David Hotel in July 1946, killing 91 British, this indifference might have made more sense. Karsh also criticizes the American fear that Israel might become a Marxist state, but then forgets to mention that the first country to recognize Israel was the USSR and the first large arms shipments to Israel came from Czechoslovakia. In 1948, the Arab regimes looked fairly pro-Western, but Israel was suspect in US and British eyes.
As Karsh sees it, Israelis did not so much steal Palestinian land as the Palestinians abandoned their land due to duplicity and betrayal by their own leaders. There are certainly grains of truth in this view, but if it were strictly true, then the Palestinians today would have no reason to continue their struggle against Israel.
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